Deb Haaland’s Historical Impact as the First Indigenous Cabinet Member

Coverage of tribal natural resources is supported in part by Catena Foundation

The Journey and Legacy of Interior Secretary Deb Haaland

As the first Indigenous person to serve in the U.S. Cabinet, Interior Secretary Deb Haaland has left an indelible mark on the nation’s approach to managing its natural resources. Her tenure has sparked conversations about representation and change within government institutions.

Jordan James Harvill of Advance Native Political Leadership describes Haaland’s rise as an “incredible comeback story,” noting her journey from poverty to a position of influence. Harvill highlights Haaland as an inspiration to over 700 Native candidates who have sought office across the nation.

Haaland, a member of the Laguna Pueblo, was born in Winslow, Arizona, and considers herself a 35th-generation New Mexican. Her early life was marked by frequent relocations due to her family’s military background until settling in Albuquerque at age 14.

Haaland faced personal challenges, including periods of financial struggle and overcoming a drinking problem. She achieved sobriety in 1988, earned degrees from the University of New Mexico, and emerged as a political organizer, aiding in President Barack Obama’s re-election and serving as New Mexico’s Democratic Party chair. Her political journey eventually led her to Congress, where she and Sharice Davids made history as the first Native American women elected.

Despite not being President Biden’s initial choice for Interior Secretary, Haaland’s nomination gained traction through grassroots efforts and support from advocates like Raúl Grijalva. Her confirmation was a milestone, though contentious, with only four Republican senators in favor.

During her tenure, Haaland has been pivotal in protecting sacred lands, renaming derogatory geographic features, and addressing historic injustices within Native American boarding schools. The Federal Boarding School Initiative, culminating in a presidential apology, stands as a significant achievement under her leadership.

The Biden administration, with Haaland’s guidance, has also fostered over 400 agreements with federally recognized tribes, safeguarding millions of acres from extractive practices and establishing new national monuments.

Despite these achievements, some tribal leaders express dissatisfaction, citing unmet expectations for dialogue and consultation. Mark Fox of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation, and Carla Keene of the Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of Indians, voice their concerns over a lack of communication.

Haaland’s legacy is complex, as she navigated the duality of representing Native interests while holding a historically colonial position. Harvill acknowledges the challenge of transforming federal policy in just four years but emphasizes the symbolic victory of Haaland’s role.

Assistant Interior Secretary Bryan Newland praises Haaland’s humility and dedication, noting that she exceeded expectations set by Indian Country. However, debates continue over her impact and the future of Indigenous representation in government.