President Donald Trump’s recent executive order has reignited discussions on gender and biological identity by officially recognizing only two sexes: male and female. This decision entails the withdrawal of several federal guidance documents, including resources that support transgender and intersex students. This policy shift directly impacts individuals like Jay Kyle Petersen, an intersex author and advocate.
Petersen, who authored “A Comprehensive Guide to Intersex,” elaborates on what it means to be intersex and how these variations manifest biologically. Intersex refers to a spectrum of biological variations that do not fit typical definitions of male or female. According to Petersen, “Intersex is a term which describes a wide range of in-born biologically caused variations of sex, which are not clearly male or clearly female.”
Understanding Intersex
The causes of intersex conditions are often rooted in genetic variations, with over 100 potential genes involved. Petersen explains, “The main cause of intersex during that first trimester is genetic, gene changes.” These genetic differences can affect the development of primary and secondary sex characteristics, challenging the traditional understanding of XX and XY chromosomes.
Globally, intersex variations are estimated to affect 0.5% to 1.7% of the population, according to a United Nations estimate from 2017. In Phoenix, Arizona, this translates to approximately 822 to 27,954 individuals living with these variations. Nationally, the numbers range from 17,000 to nearly 5.8 million, based on 2024 U.S. Census data.
Challenges Faced by Intersex Individuals
Intersex individuals often encounter significant hurdles in healthcare, with many doctors lacking adequate training in intersex-related medical issues. Petersen highlights the need for personalized medical care, as intersex variations can impact various aspects of health, such as hormones and electrolytes. “There needs to be individualized medical treatment plans. Doctors need to know what they’re doing,” Petersen emphasizes.
This lack of understanding extends beyond healthcare, affecting social acceptance and legal recognition. The conflation of intersex with transgender identities adds to the confusion, complicating efforts for societal integration. “It’s a complicated topic, you know, and we’re born this way without a choice,” Petersen says, underscoring the need for awareness and education.
Implications of Federal Policy
The federal government’s stance on gender has profound implications for intersex individuals, questioning their recognition and rights. Petersen reflects on the emotional impact of such policies, expressing concern over the lack of civil rights protections. “It’s pretty scary, and it’s anxiety provoking, and this affects people’s mental, emotional and physical health,” Petersen remarks.
Despite these challenges, Petersen remains committed to advocating for intersex rights, drawing on personal and familial experiences of service to the nation. “This is a country I love, and it hurts me so much,” Petersen shares, hoping for greater understanding and acceptance in society.
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