The Critical Role of Saline Lakes in the Great Basin Ecosystem
Spanning from Utah to Nevada, the Great Basin is a unique geographical region where lakes drain internally rather than reaching the ocean. These lakes, ranging from the expansive Great Salt Lake to much smaller bodies, are vital to both human and wildlife populations. As water evaporates, these terminal lakes increase in salinity, impacting the surrounding ecosystems.
The fluctuating levels of these saline lakes have recently reached unprecedented lows due to factors like increased water consumption, prolonged droughts, and climate change. To address these changes, the U.S. Geological Survey has initiated the Saline Lakes Ecosystems program. This initiative aims to monitor these shifts and the broader ecological and hydrological dynamics of the region.
Researchers are employing satellite technology and field studies to evaluate water quality and quantity across twenty lakes. They are also examining how migratory birds utilize these lakes, which are critical stopovers during their seasonal migrations. These habitats support a variety of invertebrates, such as brine flies and brine shrimp, which in turn sustain bird species like avocets, ibises, plovers, pelicans, and eared grebes.
A novel aspect of this program involves tagging one hundred American avocets with GPS-enabled “birdie backpacks,” allowing scientists to track their migratory pit stops. This effort is supported by partnerships with organizations such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Audubon Society. The comprehensive data gathered over the program’s five years will enhance scientific understanding of these habitats.
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