Montana voters will soon decide on two constitutional amendments that could significantly change how they elect state officials. On the ballot are Constitutional Initiatives 126 and 127, which propose altering even-year elections. CI-126 suggests replacing separate party primaries with a single multi-party primary, advancing up to four candidates to the November election. Meanwhile, CI-127 mandates that candidates secure over 50% of the vote to win in the general election.
This electoral reform effort follows a national trend of restructuring primary systems to improve political representation. Advocates argue these changes will reduce extreme partisanship and increase voter influence by enhancing competition in general elections. Critics remain skeptical, questioning the effectiveness of such reforms and voicing concerns about increased influence from wealthy backers and special interest groups.
Frank Garner, a Montanans for Election Reform board member, stated, “If you think we’re hitting home runs and everything, this is a well-oiled machine, this might not be for you.” Supporters highlight bipartisan backing, including from both Democrats and Republicans, as well as veteran and business groups. Dan Brooks of the Billings Chamber noted, “Eight out of nine [business members] said they don’t want to be constrained to only one party when voting in the primary.”
Opponents, like Republican Senator Greg Hertz, argue that these initiatives could favor candidates with significant funding, leading to increased election spending. Hertz also expressed concerns about potential confusion and voters facing longer ballots. Additionally, he worries about the legislature’s role in creating tie-breaking systems, potentially resulting in expensive runoff elections.
Despite criticisms, proponents of the initiatives, such as Montanans for Election Reform, have received substantial financial support from groups like Article IV, a nonprofit focused on political reform. Garner defended this partnership, stating, “To be able to talk to Montanans and educate them on these initiatives, it takes work and it takes resources.” Financial data indicates Article IV, a “dark money” group, contributed significantly, underscoring the debate over external financial influence on local elections.
As debates on primary and general election reforms continue nationwide, political science research suggests these systems could lead to more moderate candidates. A 2020 study by political scientist Christian Grose found that top-two primary systems, used in other states, correlate with electing less extreme legislators. While the Montana proposals have sparked controversy, similar reforms have garnered attention in other states like Idaho and Utah, reflecting a broader interest in altering electoral processes.
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